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Bryophytes hold a larger gene family space than vascular plants.

Dong, S., et al. · 2025 · Nature Genetics   research

doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02325-9   PMID:40983756   PMC12513842

Linked genes (4)  2 core 2 peripheral

Gene ID Name Evidence / Role Function (this paper)
Mp4g17190 missing sequence subject Orphan gene proposed to have originated from noncoding regions with high cross-subspecies similarity, where stop codons were converted to sense codons by single-base mutations. Case study of de novo gene origination.
Mp5g08960
paper
MpNBS-LRR15 nomenclature
experimental subject NHAT-type resistance gene from M. polymorpha that was overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, where it induced a hypersensitive-response cell death. Confirms an immune/cell-death function for this gene, used as functional validation of bryophyte resistance-gene predictions.
Mp7g02380 missing sequence subject Orphan/de novo gene in M. polymorpha ssp. ruderalis shown to have increasing sequence similarity to orthologous noncoding regions, illustrating proto-gene to gene evolution via stop-codon loss. Used as a case study of de novo gene birth.
Mp8g04260 missing experimental subject HNL-type resistance gene from M. polymorpha overexpressed in tobacco leaves, where it triggered hypersensitive-response cell death. Demonstrates its immune-related function, validating the predicted resistance gene family.