Norizuki, T., et al. · 2019 · Frontiers in Plant Science research
doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00935 PMID:31379911 PMC6652269
| Gene ID | Name | Evidence / Role | Function (this paper) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mp6g18570 | MpATG2 | experimental subject | A core autophagy gene knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 (Mpatg2-1ge frameshift). The mutant blocks vacuolar transport of fluorescent MpATG8, showing MpATG2 is required for autophagosome-mediated delivery and autophagy-dependent chlorophyll maintenance under nutrient stress. |
| Mp1g12840 | MpATG5 | experimental subject | Core autophagy gene disrupted via CRISPR/Cas9 (Mpatg5-1ge). The mutant shows early senescence, blocked MpATG8 vacuolar transport, and starvation hypersensitivity, demonstrating its requirement for autophagosome formation in M. polymorpha. |
| Mp2g07850 | MpATG7 | experimental subject | E1-like activating enzyme gene knocked out (Mpatg7-1ge frameshift via CRISPR/Cas9). The mutant fails to transport MpATG8 to the vacuole, shows reduced chlorophyll and early senescence, establishing MpATG7 as essential for autophagy under nutrient starvation. |
| — | MpATG8 missing | experimental subject | Ubiquitin-like autophagosome protein transported into the vacuole in an MpATG2-, MpATG5-, and MpATG7-dependent manner; exists as two isoforms (a/b). Fluorescently tagged MpATG8 serves as an autophagosome marker, accumulating in vacuolar autophagic bodies upon concanamycin A treatment. |
| Mp1g21590 | MpATG8a | experimental tool | Isoform expressed as mCitrine-MpATG8a fusion under its native promoter; used as an autophagy marker showing autophagy-dependent vacuolar puncta and cleavage on immunoblots. |
| Mp5g05930 | MpATG8b | experimental tool | Isoform expressed as mCitrine/mRFP-MpATG8b fusion; colocalizes with MpATG8a in the same autophagosomes/autophagic bodies, used as an interchangeable autophagosome marker. |
| — | MpATG18 missing | sequence background | Identified by comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis; M. polymorpha harbors conventional and plant-unique (BCAS3-domain) ATG18 types, with the plant-unique form predating Streptophyta. |