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Autophagy regulates plastid reorganization during spermatogenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

Norizuki, T., et al. · 2023 · Frontiers in Plant Biology   research

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1101983   PMID:36844055   PMC9947651

Linked genes (5)  1 core 4 peripheral

Gene ID	Name	Evidence / Role	Function (this paper)
Mp1g12840	MpATG5	experimental subject	Autophagy-related protein essential for autophagosome formation. Loss-of-function Mpatg5-1ge mutants showed >90% of spermatozoids with a spherical (not cylindrical) plastid and impaired plastid morphological transformation and starch accumulation, demonstrating autophagy regulates plastid reorganization during spermatogenesis.
Mp6g00050	MpSYP12A	experimental comparator	Plasma membrane SNARE whose vacuolar targeting and degradation occurred normally in Mpatg5 mutants, showing autophagy defects are selective.
Mp4g13750	MpPGM1	experimental tool	Plastid-localized phosphoglucomutase used as a plastid marker; expressed as Citrine and mTurquoise2 fusions to track plastid morphology during spermiogenesis.
Mp4g13380	MpSIG2	experimental tool	Nucleus-encoded PEP subunit whose transit peptide was fused to sGFP as an alternative plastid marker.
Mp8g00880	MpVAMP71	experimental tool	Vacuolar SNARE used as a vacuolar membrane marker (mCitrine-MpVAMP71) for dual-channel imaging of plastid degradation within the vacuole.